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Literature (2)

Siglo de Oro Theatre.

Is characterized by a total renewal: diversification of themes and sceneries, characters and structure. At the same times it gives new life to middle Ages epic and it is more socially and politically committed.

  • El Teatro Nacional del Siglo de Oro
  • Lope de Vega (1562 - 1635)
  • Tirso de Molina (1584-1648)
  • Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600 - 1681)


XVIII Century - Historical Context

During the last decades of XVII and the beginning of the XVIII Century, Europe is invested by a big change in terms of politics, society, economy and culture. The ancient values and principles that ruled during Baroque fell in a deep crisis, living space to new ideas. This change started in England thanks to a group of intellectuals that tried to face tradition in order to build something new.


Enlightment literature

In this period writers and artists were extremely high educated, curious and hard-workers. Their production is deeply critical and didactical. Essay is their favourite kind of writing and their style is clear and descriptive in order to explain difficult ideas to a wide public.

  • José Cadalso (1741-1782) - Cartas Marruecas
  • Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (1744-1811)
  • Leandro Fernández de Moratín (1760-1828) - El sí de las niñas



First half of XIX century: Romanticism

Aesthetics and themes of Romantic literature are related to two main points: a) individualism and individuality; b) exaltation of freedom.


La Lírica Romántica


  • José de Espronceda (1808-1842)
  • Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (1837-1871) - Rimas, leyendas y declaraciones
  • Mariano José de Larra (1809-1837)
  • Rosalía de Castro (1837-1885)
  • El Duque de Rivas (1791-1865) - Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino


Second half of XIX century: Realism and Naturalism

Realism develops from Romanticism, emphasising some aspects and avoiding other. It privileges real common life instead of feelings. This interest in reality went further and got stronger and stronger with Naturalism, a new tendency that arrived from France in the late 80ies.

  • Juan Valera (1824-1905) - Pepita Jiménez
  • Benito Pérez Galdós (1843-1920) - Misericordia Emilia Pardo Bazán (1852-1921) - Los pazos de Ulloa Leopoldo Alas Clarín (1852-1901) - La Regenta



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